Have you ever imagined a future where smartphones can be folded like paper and smartwatches can be directly printed onto clothing? Such possibilities are made possible by graphene—a two-dimensional carbon material often hailed as the “king of materials.” However, conventional graphene printing inks typically rely on surfactants or polymers as dispersants; these additives must be removed through high-temperature post-processing, which limits their use on thermally sensitive substrates and hinders the development of diverse flexible electronics manufacturing. A recent breakthrough: scientists from China and Israel have developed a new type of graphene ink! By using polypropylene carbonate (PPC) as the dispersant and pairing it with low-surface-tension solvents, this ink enables the fabrication of high-performance micro-supercapacitors on paper through gentle annealing at just 220°C. Coupled with aerosol jet printing (AJP) technology, complex circuits can now be effortlessly “brought to life” on paper.
With the rapid advancement of microelectronic devices and wearable technologies, on-chip energy-storage components must simultaneously achieve high energy density and compact form factors, making micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) a prime candidate. However, conventional planar electrode architectures suffer from low active-material loading and long ion-transport pathways. Two-dimensional Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene materials, with their high specific surface area and outstanding electrochemical performance, are an ideal choice for fabricating high-performance MSCs; yet their 3D assembly faces three major challenges: first, the interlayer interactions among MXene nanosheets are limited to weak van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, lacking strong interfacial cohesion and thus making it difficult to maintain a stable 3D architecture; second, existing fabrication methods rely on binders and other additives, which can occupy active sites and degrade device performance; and third, conventional 3D-printing techniques suffer from low resolution (typically >40 μm) and a low aspect ratio (generally <0.3), rendering them incapable of producing high-fidelity, complex 3D microstructures. To address these bottlenecks, a team at Carnegie Mellon University in the United States has developed an additive-free aerosol-jetting 3D-printing (AJP) technique that successfully enables the 3D self-supporting assembly of MXene nanosheets. The relevant findings have been published in the journal Small.
With the rapid advancement of technology, smart wearable devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, integral to our daily lives, sports activities, health monitoring, and even personal safety. However, achieving truly “body-integrated” intelligence hinges on solving the challenge of power supply: conventional batteries are bulky and rigid, making it difficult to incorporate them into soft textile materials; moreover, their lifespan, charge–discharge performance, and wash durability all pose significant challenges. Consequently, developing lightweight, flexible, washable energy-storage devices with superior performance has emerged as a critical breakthrough for advancing the smart-wear industry. Supercapacitors, with their high power density, long cycle life, and rapid charge–discharge capabilities, stand out as an ideal choice. The ultimate goal of the industry is to directly integrate supercapacitors into textiles. Today, we will introduce an exciting technological breakthrough: using aerosol jet printing (AJP) to directly “print” high-performance MXene materials onto fabrics, creating miniature supercapacitors that are both soft and washable while delivering outstanding performance—ushering in a new era of wearable electronics.
When you wear a smartwatch during exercise, do you often worry about the battery suddenly running out? And as IoT sensors become ubiquitous in homes and cities, how can we provide these tiny devices with a long-lasting, reliable power supply? With the explosive growth of portable and wearable electronics and IoT technologies, the limitations of conventional energy-storage devices—such as their difficulty in achieving miniaturization, high integration, and flexibility—are becoming increasingly apparent. Recently, research teams from the Guangdong–Israel Institute of Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, and other institutions published a groundbreaking achievement in ACS Applied Energy Materials: using aerosol-jet 3D printing, they successfully fabricated an array of graphene hollow-pillar electrode (HPE)–based micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). These devices not only deliver a high output voltage of 10 V but also boast an ultra-high integration density of 102 cm⁻², while maintaining excellent bending stability, thus opening up new avenues for the development of miniature energy-storage devices.
In the field of materials science, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation high-performance materials due to their high specific surface area, tunable pore structures, and outstanding functional properties. However, conventional synthesis methods for COFs often encounter significant challenges in processing, shaping, and patterning: COFs are typically insoluble in common solvents, making it difficult to fabricate them into thin films or complex architectures using standard techniques.
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